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Mayo Clinic. (2013). COPD. Retrieved on October 19, 2013 From: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/copd/DS00916.

Bare, B., Cheever, K., Hinkle, J., & Smeltzer, S. (2010).Brunner & suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing. (12thed., pp. 554-565). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

WebMD staff. (2011, March 17). Pneumonia -Topic Overview. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/lung/tc/pneumonia-topic-overview