Primary succession :

Begins in a place without any soil. Starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens that do not need soil to survive.

Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms. Occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession.

A stable group of plants and animals that is the end result of the succession.

Secondary succession :

Climax community :

Example :

Side volcanoes

Example : after forest fires

Example : cacti in a desert