How it is diagnosed?

It is diagnosed by starting with a physical examination(including digital rectal exam). Some series or other studies may be offered:
-Prostate Specific Antigen(PSA): a blood test to screen for prostate cancer.
-Urinary Cytology:a urine test to screen for bladder cancer.
-Cystoscopy:a direct look in the urethra/or bladder using a small flexible scope.
-A Post Void Residual Volume(PVR):is the amount of urine left in the bladder after urinating.
-Ultrasound of the kidney or the prostate.