How is it diagnosed?

Physical exam, blood test: blood test will determine blood cell counts, electrolyte levels, and kindey function. Urine test. Renal ultrasound also called sonography it's a noninvasive test, the test is use to determine the size and shape of the kidney, and to detect mass, kidney stones, cyst, or other obstruction or abnormalities.
Kidney biopsy: procedure involves the removal of tissue samples (with a needle or during surgery) from the body for examination under a microscope; to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.
Computed tomography scan aka ct or cat scan

Treatment Options: there are two main treatment options: -dialysis -kidney transplant
You may need to make changes in your diet: -eat low-protein diet
- get enough calories if you are loosing weight
- limit fluids also limit salt, potassium, phosphorus, and other electrolytes.
Other treatment options depends on your symptoms but some treatments can also include:
- extra calcium and vitamin D
- medicines called phosphate binder to help prevent phosphorous levels from becoming to high.
You should be up-to-date on important vaccinations, including:
-H1N1 ( swine flu) vaccine -Influenza vaccine
-Hep A -Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
-Hep B vaccine(PPV)

Sources: Nlm.nih.gov, hopkinsmedicine.org