1. DNA Microinjection

- This is the predominant method used to produce transgenic farm animals.
- due to the insertion of DNA resulting in random process, transgenic animals are mated to ensure their offsprings acquire the desired transgene.

This method involves:
- transfer of desired gene construct from another member of the same or different species into the pronucleus of a reproductive cell.

- the manipulated cell, which first must be cultured in a lab to develop to a specific embryonic phase, is then transferred to the recipient female.