-Incas ruled as the military and administrative elites, leading armies made of conquered peoples while making up the majority of the state's bureaucracy

Leaders

-Incas had a large class of bureaucrats but no written script

Administration 

& 

Leadership

Relied on mnemonic aid called Quipu to keep records, made up of an array of cords of differing lengths and colors with knots tied

-Incas ruled as the military and administrative elites, leading armies made of conquered peoples while making up the majority of the state's bureaucracy

-Conquered peoples outnumbered the Incas, so took important captives from conquered peoples to Incan capital where they lived as hostages

-If conquered people were uncooperative, the Incas would send loyal colonists to an uncooperative region

-If conquered people rebelled, Inca armies would force them to resettle in distant parts of the empire