- the ANC Youth League

- led by Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu

-incorporate masses of people in militant struggles

Violent/Non Violent Tactics

- the Defiance Campaign

- impose campaigns against laws (education, work, equal rights)

- lead campaigns against racist policies

- co-operate with other congresses and organizations

- SA Colored People's Organization, the Congress of Democrats, and the SA Congress of Trade Unions (Congress Alliance)

- the Freedom Charter

- the Congress Alliance would take into account citizens' demands of how their country should run