USING THE HARVARD STYLE.

Citing a direct quotation

If a direct quote from a book, article, etc., is used you must:

• Use single quotation marks (double quotation marks are usually used for quoting direct speech).

• State the page number

Simons, Menzies and Matthews (2001) state that the principle of effective stress

is ‘imperfectly known and understood by many practising engineers’ (p.4).

Citing an image / illustration / table / diagram / photograph / figure / picture

You should provide an in-text citation for any images, illustrations, photographs, diagrams, tables or

figures that you reproduce in your work, and provide a full reference as with any other type of work.

They should be treated as direct quotes in that the author(s) should be acknowledged and page numbers shown; both in your text where the diagram is discussed or introduced, and in the caption you write for it.

In-text citation:

Table illustrating checklist of information for common sources (Pears and Shields, 2008:p.22).

or

‘Geological map of the easternmost region of São Nicolau’ (Ramalho et al., 2010:p.532).