Battle of Chāldirān, (Aug. 23, 1514), military engagement in which the Ottomans won a decisive victory over the Ṣafavids of Iran and went on to gain control of eastern Anatolia. In 1514 the Ottoman sultan Selim I launched a campaign against Shāh Esmāʿīl I, founder of the Ṣafavid dynasty, to put an end to Ṣafavid influence among the Turkmen tribes who were in open revolt against Ottoman domination and who expressed their discontent by defying orthodoxy.

4. Explain the importance of the Battle of Chaldiran.