Diagnosis

The diagnosis of multiple myeloma is determined by a number of different diagnostic tests, because myeloma is difficult to diagnose on the basis of any single laboratory test result. Accurate diagnosis generally results from consideration of several factors, including physical evaluation, patient history, symptoms, and diagnostic testing results. The initial evaluation to help confirm a diagnosis of myeloma includes blood and urine tests as well as a bone marrow biopsy. Other tests include X-rays. MRIs, CT scans and PET scans.

The standards for diagnosing multiple myeloma are determined by the myeloma diagnostic criteria. This currently requires confirmation of one major and one minor criteria or three minor criteria in a patient displaying symptoms of myeloma. The diagnostic criteria helps to determine the classification of multiple myeloma, whether it is smoldering myeloma (asymptomatic), symptomatic myeloma, or MGUS.

Having all of the appropriate multiple myeloma tests done is very important, as the results will help your doctor better determine treatment options and a prognosis. Many of these tests are also used to assess the extent of the disease and to plan and monitor treatment.