A set of experiments to be deployed on the ISS were carried by STS-127, specifically Dosimetry for Biological Experiments in Space (ESA), Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function, the student-made Image Reversal in Space (CSA/ISU), Nutritional Status Assessment (NASA), NASA Biological Specimen Repository and Tomatosphere-II (CSA).

The Advanced Scientific Concepts (ASCs) “DragonEye” flash Light Intensification Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) relative navigation sensor were being tested on this mission. DragonEye has been baselined as SpaceX's primary relative navigation sensor.“DragonEye,” is a pulsed laser navigation sensor that SpaceX’s Dragon vehicle would use to approach the International Space Station.

Scientific investigations conducted during sts-127