5. Mesopotamia (Sumerian and Babylonian religion.)

a. Sumerian civilization (~4 000 B.C.E.)

i. Collection of 12 city-states, each with a king and patron deity.

ii. Theocratic (power held by priests rather than kings.)

b. Sumerian religion.

ii. 4 primary deities: Nammu (primordial Ocean,) An (Sky,) Ki (Earth,) Enki (created humans.)

iii. Nammu is originally described as motherly and kind, though few—if any—artistic depictions or her still exist.

i. Polytheistic (pantheon was made up of each city-state’s patron deity, as well as other primordial forces and minor deities.)