Albert Einstein, in 1905, proposed that light energy can be
Absorbed or emitted only in discrete packets called "quanta"
And this led Einstein to win the Nobel Prize. In that same year he also explained the equivalency of mass and energy by the now famous

Atomic Theory Conrtibution

equation "e=mc2". Also in 1905, Einstein mathematically proved that atoms exist and that helped revolutionize all sciences through the use of statistics and probability. The Atomic Theory says that any liquid is made up of molecules and these molecules are always in random nonstop motion. Einstein discovered that in the chaos and movement of the molecules that they would produce "statistical fluctuations"-example- once in a while a small group of invisible molecules could, momentarily, move in the same direction. Then another near by group of molecules will be moving in a different direction. A "visible" object surrounded by these invisible could occasionally get "pushed" in one direction and then get "pushed" into a different direction, giving a "zig- zag" motion.