Biotic factors

Competition: individuals require a range of resources from its environment. If several individuals share the same habitat they will compete for these resources. The more individuals present, the greater the competition for the resources will become. Competition also increases when resources are limited.
Two forms of competition: intraspecific---> between members of the same species.
Interspecific---> between members of different species.

Predation: predation refers to one animal species feeding on another animal species. The populations of predator and pray are linked. As the prey population increases, there is more food for the predators and intraspecific competition is reduced. The population of the predator increases. More and more of the prey are consumed, so the prey population falls. Intraspecific competition now increases in the predator population as there is less food available. The predator population starts to reduce again. The prey population starts to recover and the cycle repeats.