The 4 macromolecules and their composition

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are made of sugars; also known as monosaccharides (single sugar) disaccharides(two sugars) and polysaccharides (more than two). A monosaccharide is also called a glucose. Whereas monosaccharide and disaccharide are simple carbohydrates, a polysaccharide is considered a complex carbohydrate. These sugars are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Lipids:
The word "lipids" is simply a more scientific term for fats. Lipids are composed of oils, fats, and phospholipids. Lipids are constructed by carbon atom chains bonded to atoms of hydrogen; this gives lipids their water repellent quality. In phospholipids, there is a hydrophilic (water loving) head and the end made of carbon chains is hydrophobic (water fearing). Comprised of the elements oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon.

Proteins:
Proteins are the "foundation" of the entire human structure. Proteins are made up of amino acids. The amino acids have three groups: a carboxyl (-COOH),a amino group (-NH2), and a variable group. The arrangement of each amino acid is specific to the individual type of protein; this makes up the main structure of the protein. Made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Nucleic Acid:
Nucleic acid is made up of nucleotides units that connect into a chain. A nucleotide has three primary parts: a phosphate, a base and a sugar. A nucleotide has either DNA or RNA. They are also made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.