Consonant Changes

pp ~ p

tt ~ t

kk ~ k

p ~ v

t ~ d (V/h-)

k ~ /

Example (kertoa, katu)

kadun

katunne

katukin

kadulla

katuna

kadulle

katua

kaduilla

katummeko

kadut

katuhan

katuja

kaduissa

kadunpa

kadultanne

katuina

kaduthan

katuun

˙of the street

˙your street

˙the street too

˙on the street

˙as a street

˙onto the street

˙street (partitive)

˙on the streets

˙our street?

˙streets

˙street (emphasis)

˙streets (partitive)

˙in the streets

˙of the street (emp.)

˙from your street

˙as streets

˙streets (emphasis)

˙into the street

mp ~ mm

nt ~ nn

nk ~ ng

lt ~ ll

rt ~ rr

k ~ v (-u/y)

ke ~ je (l/r/h-)

When to Change

For Nouns, only change when

With case ending is single C or begins with CC

(like -lla, -lle, -lta, -ssa, -n, -t, but not long vowels)

For Verbs, always change except

3rd personal endings, endings of CV (like -kaa, -vat)

with conditional and potential moods (like -ne-, -isi-)

kerron

kerromme

kertoisimme

kerrotaan

kerroitte

kertovat

kertoivat

kerro

kerrottiin

kertoo

kertokaa

kerrot

kerroit

kertonette

kerropa

kerrottehan

kerrotko

kertoisivatko

Nouns

ONLY change

-lla, -lta,-ssa, -lle, -n, -t …

endings of C or CCx

Verbs

Change EXCEPT

-vat, -kaa, -ne-, -isi-…

ending of CVx, 3rd per.

with moods

Consonants Gradation & Conditions

(apply in most cases)