4) Battle of Chaldiran

The Battle of Chaldiran occurred on 23 August 1514 and ended with a victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans gained immediate and permanent control over far eastern Anatolia and Northern Iraq, as well as temporary control of northwestern Iran. The battle, however, was just the beginning of 41 years of destructive war and merely one of the many phases of Ottoman-Persian Wars, that only ended in 1555 with the Treaty of Amasya.