29. The process of DNA replication can be described in seven steps: first, the DNA helices begins unwinding from the nucleosomes. Second, a helicase enzyme untwists the double helix and gradually separates the DNA molecule into two complementary nucleotide strands. Third, each nucleotide strand serves as a template for the building of new complementary strands. Fourth, RNA primers are used for the initiation of DNA synthesis. Fifth, DNA polymerase goes through and completes the strands where the primers are found. Sixth, DNA ligase splices together the short segments of DNA that are left. FInally, histones associate with DNA and complete the formation of the two new strands.
30. Transcription is the transfer of information from a DNA gene’s base sequence to the complementary base sequence of an mRNA molecule. In translation, the language of nucleic acids is translated into the language of proteins. A triplet is a gene sequence of three bases. The corresponding three base sequence on an mRNA strand is a codon and the three base base complementary to the mRNA three base pair is the anticodon.