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The seasons
Antartica is at the southernmost part of the earth and due to it's angle Antartica only has 2 season summer and winter. In summer the sun does not set therefore there are no nights, in the winter the sun does not rise so there are no days.
Ice forms in winter over much of the sea around Antarctica, and rapidly retreats in the spring when the ice melts. Phytoplankton also grows very vividly in the summer which shows that the seasons affect the ecosystem of Antarctica.