Tools that impact the world.

The astrolabe was an inclinometer used to determine the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the sun's altitude or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.

The chip log is a navigation tool mariners use to estimate the speed of a vessel through water .

A traverse board is a memory aid formerly used in dead reckoning navigation to easily record the speeds and directions sailed during a watch.

Ulises Ortiz