Besides her work with blue baby syndrome she also worked to ban thalidomide. Thalidomide was a drug used to treat nausea in pregnant women.

She testified before congress that thalidomide had damaging effects on newborns after she worked with infants in Germany suffering for severe limb deformities. Because of her efforts it was banned in the US and Europe.

Taussig also advocated for the use of animals in research, the legalization of abortion, and the benefits of palliative care and hospice.

She pioneered the use if X-rays and fluoroscopy simultaneously to examine changes in a baby's heart and lungs in a less invasive way.