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Isothermal
An isothermal process occurs at constant temperature. Since the internal energy of a gas is only a function of its temperature, ΔU = 0 for an isothermal process. For the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas we have W = nRT ln(V2/V1). W is positive if V2 > V1. Since ΔU = 0, the heat transferred to the gas is ΔQ = W.
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