Moving Forward

- Metabolic heat production is proportional to volume, making the area available for exchange with the environment proportional to surface area

- Per kilogram of elephant body mass there are low energy requirements

- Even in winter months the rate of active metabolic heat production is ~2.2 to 2.7 fold higher than total heat loss

- Further investigate into ideal habitat, nocturnal activities, and winter tactics for maintaining a desirable core body temperature

- Examine what is known of extinct elephant species and compare traits with current species