Military Escalation Risks

According to [Institute for the Study of War reports](https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-special-report-april-21-2026/), both sides are actively preparing for renewed hostilities, with Iran conducting military redeployments and preparing new target lists.

• Iran has prepared for a new phase of fighting with military redeployments

• Iranian officials assess likelihood of renewed conflict as high

• Israel is preparing for immediate resumption of warfare

• US-Iran diplomatic understanding appears unlikely

Iranian Judiciary Chief emphasized the need for preparation against US and Israeli attacks on April 21, 2026.