Core Characteristics of Fascist Movements

As [Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/topic/fascism/Common-characteristics-of-fascist-movements) notes, historians disagree on fascism's precise nature, but common features emerge across every fascist movement of the 20th century.

• Ultranationalism: the nation or race is placed above all individuals and groups

• Authoritarianism: absolute power concentrated in a single leader or party

• Militarism: glorification of war, violence, and military strength

• Anti-communism and anti-liberalism: rejection of both left-wing and democratic alternatives

• Mass mobilization: rallies, propaganda, and paramilitary forces used to maintain control

• Scapegoating: blaming minorities, foreigners, or enemies for national problems

Some scholars see fascism as a radical social movement; others see it as extreme conservatism. Most agree it is defined as much by what it opposes as what it supports.