International trade routes crossed over the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal, facilitating trade between India, Arabia, Africa, China, and other post-classical civilizations. Merchants coming from east Africa or Persia exchanged cargoes at the Indian cities of Cambay, Calicut, or Quilon, then returned to their native lands before the monsoon season. Chinese or other southeast Asians also went to India ports, such as Masulipatam, to trade goods.

Trade