Risk Factors

Low Calcium Intake
Anorexia
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Nicotine Use
Caffeine Intake
Sedentary Lifestyles
Trauma

Uncontrollable Risk Factors:

Medical Conditions and Surgical Procedures:

Controllable Risk Factors:

Sex
Age
Race
Family History
Frame Size

Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic kidney disease
Overactive parathyroid gland
Crohn's disease
Celiac disease
Vitamin D deficiency
Cushing's disease
Gastrectomy
Gastric bypass
Cystic fibrosis