Simple distillation

Fractional distillation

Separates 2 or more different liquids that have different boiling points.

The product is water vapor leaving salt in the flask.

Involves the separation of 2 substances.

Suitable for saltwater or sugar water experiments.

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture of multiple components into its various fractions according to the difference in their boiling temperatures.

This is the process used in the separation of Crude Oil into useful fractions and other mixtures like...Light Gases (Methane and Ethane), Naphtha, LPG, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel and Fuel Oils, Heavy fuels and Lube oils, Waxes and Asphaltic products (bitumen..etc).
Most of these products are also mixtures having a 'Boiling Range' with an Initial and final boiling temperature.