The Mantle

The mantle lays beneath the crust and is also divided into two parts: the upper and lower mantle. The upper mantle and the crust together form the lithosphere. The lithosphere is the weak spot in the upper mantle and is what causes the movement of tectonic plates and causes several activities upon the crust. The mantle has a depth of about 2,900 kilometers. The upper mantle has temperature ranging from 932 to 1,652°F and the lower mantle has a temperature of about 7,230°F. The most of Earth's mantle is NOT made up of magma! The Earth's lower mantle is actually made mainly of solid rock. This material is made up of silicon, oxygen, magnesium, iron, calcium, and aluminum.The upper mantle can move around like liquid but it is solid, this state of matter is called solid-plastic. Did you know that the lower mantle is mostly solid and not liquid!? The lower mantle is closest to the core and because of this, it hardens and becomes a rocky material. The Earth's lower mantle has a density between 3.4 to 4.3gm/cm3.