Succession

Primary succession is when new land is formed by a volcano and life starts to grow on this newly formed island when there was none before.
Secondary succession is when life grows again in a place that has already had life on it like a forest fire or a coast line that just had a tsunami and wiped out everything.
Pioneer species are the first species to come to this land the island. They don't go to places with secondary succession because those places already have soil so there is no need for them to go there. Different species come if there are different land. If it's a newly formed lava rock island then green algae will be there. If it's a empty sandy place then lyme grass and sea couch grass will be there.

There are many types of moss. This species is on wood.

The moss is on the ground.

This is mosses on rocks. Moss is a common pioneer species.

When many pioneer species have arrived at the place small plant life starts to come into place.

A Climax Community is where the process of ecological succession has now reached a steady state and not growing as fast as it was.

This pioneer species is a small shrub.

Climax Community forest

Climax Community forest