Francisco Pizarro

Treaty of Tordesillas

05

The contrasting themes and traditions in Classical and Baroque Sculpture

02

Describe the Spanish and Portuguese Imperial rule over its new founded territory of Latin America.

The Spanish conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, took control of all the Inca empire and was then under Spanish rule in Latin America where viceroys and audiencias were established and the Portuguese controlled the Eastern half of South America by the Treaty of Tordesillas, much of Brazil. On Brazil, sugar plantations were established and European city-style societies were made. The imperial rule was more exploitation than settlement, but many Iberian migrants still settled in the Americas. Mixed races of societies emerged with mestizos, mulattoes, and zambos, and the people on the lower end of the social chain worked on cultivating sugar on haciendas but was abused by the encomienda system and protested with resistance. The Portuguese responded by entering in the slave trade and many African slaves were imported for cane and sugar production (every 1 ton=1 death). Therefore, besides some mixed societies of agriculture, the environment was generally harsh with indigenous peoples working under harsh conditions.