Succession

Primary Succesion-this occurs in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and LACK soil,such as lava flow.

Secondary Succession is a process started by an event that reduces an ALREADY established ecosystem to a smaller population of species.

Pioneer Species are hardly species which are the first to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems,beginning a chain of ecological system.

Centaurea maculosa-ecological succession

Climax Community is an ecological community in which populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment.

Pioneer Species

Moss-ecological succession

Lichen- Secondary Succession

Algae-Primary succession