Appalachian highlands,
heavily forested,
rolling hills,
lots of lakes and also Atlantic Coastal Plain, low and flat,
sandy and marshy land

The north did not have farming land at the south, they had a more commercial manufacturing economy. They produced 17 times more cotton, 30 time more leather goods then the south, and manufactured 3,200 firearms for every 100 in the south. Also in the agricultural industry, though there were less land than the north, they were much more productive and efficient than the south. Also, the transportation industry thrived during the war.

Geography: North