Pincurling: flat/stand-up

No stem: entirely above pick up line, max volume, min mobility.

Half stem: half on hack off pick up line, med mobility, med volume.

Full stem: below pick up line, min volume, max mobility.

Flat:

Form clockwise shaping by combing to 4 o'clock, hold hair in place with 2 fingers and comb same hair to 8 o'clock until it forms an entire row.

Begin at open side of the C, take about 3/4" from shaping and ribbon the hair without ruining shape.

Curl the ribbon of hair and keep it flat. 

Place curl inside the the shaping and pin with clippie directed towards curls open end, not on top.

Continue with next row starting at open end and reverse shaping. 

Stand up/volume: 

Strong height and volume

Create curls with an open center

Clip at scalp with direction of the curl up and away from scalp