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19. An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions in detectable amounts. A base is a substance that take up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts. The relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various body fluids is measured in concentration units called pH. The pH scale runs from 0-14 and is logarithmic. At a pH of 7, the number of hydrogen ions exactly equals the number of hydroxyl ions and the solution is neutral. Solutions with a pH below 7 are acidic and a pH above 7 are basic.