Chapter 3
Question 30-Name 2 phases of protein synthesis and describe the roles of DNA,mRNA,tRNA, and rRNA in each phase. Compare triplets, codons, and anticodons

1)Two phases of protein synthesis are translation and transcrpiption.
2)In translation, the same information is switched over to one format to another. DNA has the job of having the information, and it being the complementary gene base sequence of an mRNA mloecule. When the mRNA molecule is made it breaks off and leaves the nucleus through a pore. DNA and mRNA. Are the only molecules that are needed and involved in transcription.
3)In translation, the base sequence of the nucleic acids are translates into the amino acid sequence. This all happens in the cytoplasm. When it reaches the cytoplasm, the mRNA molecule carrying instructions for a certain protein binds to a small ribosomal sub unit by base pairing to the rRNA. Then the tRNA starts to transfer the amino acids that were dissolved into the cytosol, to the ribosome. Once it has the amino acids, it starts to move towards the ribosome where it gets into proper position by order of the mRNA. The amino acid is then bound to one end of the tRNA, at the stem. The other end is called an ANTICODON-which is a three-base sequence complementary to the mRNA codon calling for the amino acid carried by the certain tRNA. Initiation of translation requires that the mRNA attaches to the small ribosomal subunit by the leader sequence of bases that functions only to make this attachment. The ribosomal unit binds to the smaller one making a useable ribosome with the mRNA fitting in right in between the two ribosomal particles. This a process that need the genetic info and gets in by the formation of proteins, that are paired with their complementary bases.