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Ribosomes- small, dark staining granules composed of proteins and a variety of RNA. Has two globular subunits that fit together, they are the sites of protein synthesis. Some float freely in the cytoplasm, others are attached to membranes, forming the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes make soluble proteins that function in the cytosol, and membrane bound ribosomes synthesize proteins destined either for incorporation into membranes or export from the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum- an extensive system of interconnected tunes and parallel membranes enclosing fluid filled cavities that twists through the cytosol. The Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and the proteins assembled on them thread their way into the interior of the ER. Its ribosomes manufacture all proteins secreted from cells, and also manufactures integral proteins and phospholipids that form part of all cellular membranes. The smooth ER consists of tubules arranged in a looping network and its enzymes play no role in proteins synthesis, they catalyze reactions involved with many processes.