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The two phases of protein synthesis are Transcription and Translation.
- The role of DNA and mRNA in transcription is that information is transferred from a DNA genes base sequence to the complementary base sequence of an mRNA molecule. Once the mRNA molecule is made, it detaches and leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore. DNA and mRNA are the only ones involved in the transcription process.
- The role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in translation are that when it reaches the cytoplasm, mRNA carrying instructions for a protein binds to a small ribosomal subunit base pairing to rRNA. The tRNA has the job to transfer amino acids, dissolved in the cytoplasm, to the ribosome. Each type of tRNA is capable of binding with a specific amino acid, once the amino acid is loaded, the tRNA migrates to the ribosome, where it maneuvers the amino acid into the proper position.